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Cryotech CMA® - Environment

Environment and Toxicology

  • CMA research conducted in a variety of academic and private laboratories indicates that negative environmental and toxicological impacts are highly unlikely from its use as a deicer. Of the information collected it can be said that:
  • Concentrations used to deice roads have little to no toxic effects on grass, trees or roadside vegetation;
  • Has little to no toxic effects on aquatic species, including vertebrates and invertebrates;
  • Does not mobilize pre-existing heavy metals;
  • Does not increase algae, periphyton or phytoplankton biomass;
  • Is unlikely to cause problems in treatment plants receiving CMA in storm water runoff;
  • Is unlikely to have significant negative impacts on dissolved oxygen in receiving water;
  • Has low acute mammalian toxicity with effects similar or less severe than those of sodium chloride.

Environmental Impact CMA Versus Road Salt

  CMA Salt (NaCl)

Soils

Biodegradable in soil. No adverse effect on soil compaction and strength. Increases soil permeability Sodium may accumulate in soil. Breaks down soil structure, increases erosion. Causes soil compaction which decreases permeability.

Vegetation

Little or no adverse effect. May stimulate roadside plant growth. Acetate ion is the most abundant organic acid metabolite found in nature. Osmotic stress and soil compaction harm root systems. Spray causes foilage dehydration damage. Many plant species are salt sensitive.

Groundwater

Poor mobility in soil, unlikely to reach groundwater. Ca, Mg increases water hardness. Mobile Na and Cl ions readily reach groundwater. Increases Na and Cl concentrations in well water along with alkalinity and hardness.

Surface Water

Potential for oxygen depletion through biological oxygen demand(BOD) at concentration greater than 100 ppm in closed systems. Decomposes in 5 days at 20°C, 10 days at 10°C, 100 days at 2°C. Will not stimulate algae growth. Causes density stratification in ponds and lakes which can prevent reoxygenation. Increases runoff of heavy metals and nutrients through increased erosion.

Aquatic Life

Less toxic to trout than salt. Minimal effect on trout eggs up to 5 times expected maximum runoff concentration of 1000 ppm. No effect on food chain (zooplankton, daphnia, bluegill, and fathead minnows) up to up to 1000 ppm. Monovalent Na, Cl ions stress osmotic balance. Toxic levels: Na 500 ppm stickleback, Cl 400 ppm trout.

Human/ Mammalian

Mild skin and eye irritant. Vinegar odor. Acute oral LD50 in rats >5000 mg/kg. Essentially nontoxic. Sodium linked to heart disease, hypertension. Cl causes unpleasant taste in drinking water. Mild skin and eye irritant. Acute Oral LD50 in rats = 3000 mg/kg. Slightly toxic. Contributes to winter road kills of wildlife.

Water Treatment Plants

No significant increase in BOD or impact on bacterial activity. No significant impact at expected concentrations.

Air Pollution

Can reduce sand use and resulting particulate emissions. Can reduce sand use and resulting particulate emissions.


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